{"id":1947,"date":"2017-10-12T10:01:26","date_gmt":"2017-10-12T03:01:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/khoahocnganhang.org.vn\/news\/?p=1947"},"modified":"2017-10-12T10:03:42","modified_gmt":"2017-10-12T03:03:42","slug":"chien-luoc-quoc-gia-ve-tai-chinh-toan-dien-o-viet-nam-y-nghia-va-su-can-thiet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/khoahocnganhang.org.vn\/news\/vi\/chien-luoc-quoc-gia-ve-tai-chinh-toan-dien-o-viet-nam-y-nghia-va-su-can-thiet\/","title":{"rendered":"Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam – \u00dd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n (<\/em>financial inclusion<\/em>) <\/em>hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh bao tr\u00f9m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c <\/em>hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t l\u00e0 <\/em>c\u00e1c<\/em> d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh <\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung \u1ee9ng t\u1edbi <\/em>m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/em>, <\/em>\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/em>, theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u<\/em>, nh\u1eb1m <\/em>th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u00f3 <\/em>g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i sinh k\u1ebf, lu\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n d\u00f2ng v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf<\/em> b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/em>.<\/em> T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t quan tr\u1ecdng trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. Tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn chung c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh x\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3i, gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o, h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 do ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111em l\u1ea1i.<\/em><\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c nhau (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n) \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00f3i ri\u00eang. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 sau:<\/strong> Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t<\/em>, t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf, th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c gia t\u0103ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0; Th\u1ee9 hai<\/em>, cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, t\u1ea1o th\u00f3i quen ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p, lu\u00f4n s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, thi\u1ebfu k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u00f2ng ti\u1ec1n, l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00f3m d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng; Th\u1ee9 ba<\/em>, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n ti\u1ec1n vay kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb gia \u0111\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 hay t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng \u0111en; t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c k\u00eanh thanh to\u00e1n, chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1n m\u1edbi t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1n phi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro kh\u00e1c; Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0,<\/em> t\u1ea1o ni\u1ec1m tin th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, kinh doanh, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, v\u00f9ng s\u00e2u v\u00f9ng xa; v\u00e0 Th\u1ee9 n\u0103m<\/em>, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3n tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng qua t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2000, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 vai tr\u00f2 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i, gi\u1ea3m ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch thu nh\u1eadp, gi\u1ea3m b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, gia t\u0103ng ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u1edf m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb sau cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u 2008, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (World Bank), Qu\u1ef9 Ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IMF) ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n t\u1edbi t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u1edf t\u1eebng qu\u1ed1c gia. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ef9 Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Li\u00ean minh t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n (Alliance for Financial Inclusion) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1ecdi nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u1edf m\u1ecdi khu v\u1ef1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u01b0a 2,5 t\u1ef7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2011, khi Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 Maya (Maya Declaration) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c AFI \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u00ec th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia. Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 Maya l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n cam k\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd cam k\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 cam k\u1ebft m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh ch\u1ee9ng b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a World Bank, cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ban h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n (Brazil, Malaysia, Nambia v\u00e0 Tanzania) c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n cao h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c thi t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng qua chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, c\u1ea3 World Bank v\u00e0 Li\u00ean minh T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n (AFI) \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1ebd thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp n\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p, t\u1eeb trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean tham gia, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c thi t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan<\/p>\n

\u00a0H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, t\u1eeb khi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 Maya h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u0103m 2011 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 AFI m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 G20, WB v\u00e0 ADB c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o, gi\u1ea3m b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. N\u0103m 2011, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 17 qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tham gia Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 Maya v\u1edbi 8 qu\u1ed1c gia ti\u00ean phong tri\u1ec3n khai chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n (Malaysia, Solomon Islands, Namibia, , Malawi; Morocco, Brazil, Mexico, Nga). \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2016, v\u1edbi 95 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 58 n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u00fd cam k\u1ebft \u0111i theo Tuy\u00ean\u00a0 b\u1ed1 Maya, chi\u1ebfm 61% t\u1ed5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng chi\u1ebfm 54% t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng tr\u00ean t\u1ed5ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Trong 58 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean k\u00fd cam k\u1ebft n\u00e0y, th\u00ec c\u00f3 31 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3, \u0111ang tri\u1ec3n khai Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 27 qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111ang trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh. Trong v\u00f2ng 5 n\u0103m s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111i theo ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng g\u1ea7n 6 l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

Ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u2013 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng (APEC), t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2005, khi qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean Mexico b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c thi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh vi m\u00f4, APEC \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n song ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh (financial exclusion), ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh vi m\u00f4, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng vi m\u00f4 v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p vi m\u00f4. D\u00f9 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ebfn 2010, APEC m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n ra kh\u1ecfi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh vi m\u00f4 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cao h\u01a1n, n\u00ean t\u1eeb 2011, Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a APEC \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m nh\u1eb1m chia s\u1ebb kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t nh\u1eb1m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u00e2u \u00c1 (ADB), t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n v\u1ed1n GE, Doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (International Finance Corporation \u2013 IFC), Nh\u00f3m T\u01b0 v\u1ea5n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o (CGAP), C\u01a1 quan H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n (JICA), H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch (PERC). M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o (BWTP), Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng (ADFIAP), Li\u00ean minh t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u2013 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng (APPC), Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh vi m\u00f4 Trung Qu\u1ed1c (CAM), T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IIMA), T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf (OECD), Trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u APEC \u00daC (AASC), T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng b\u00e1n l\u1ebb v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (WSBI), Citi v\u00e0 TRPC. \u0110\u1ebfn nay, APEC kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng \u1edf t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n m\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 \u201cto\u00e0n di\u1ec7n\u201d (inclusion) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 \u1edf c\u1ea3 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eb1m h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng kinh t\u1ebf APEC ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi 3 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh, bao g\u1ed3m t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n (financial inclusion), kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n (economic inclusion) v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n (social inclusion). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, APEC v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean APEC ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp n\u00ean chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n cho ri\u00eang qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Trong n\u0103m APEC 2017 t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean, m\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u00fd ngh\u0129a h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c l\u1edbn lao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n


\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 tr\u00ean 90 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi sau h\u01a1n 30 n\u0103m qua t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap Vi\u1ec7t Nam chuy\u1ec3n m\u00ecnh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu sang m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2010, v\u1edbi qui m\u00f4 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea1t 4192,9 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed3ng (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ea7n 200 t\u1ef7 USD) v\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadp b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kho\u1ea3ng 2109 USD n\u0103m 2015 (TCTK, 2016). \u00a0V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00e0nh t\u00edch x\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3i gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00e1ng ghi nh\u1eadn. Theo chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ngh\u00e8o \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb m\u1ee9c 58% \u00a0n\u0103m 1993, xu\u1ed1ng 29% v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2002, v\u00e0 5,9% n\u0103m 2014, trong v\u00f2ng 20 n\u0103m 30 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea3nh ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n h\u01a1n 9% h\u1ed9 ngh\u00e8o n\u1ebfu \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng theo chu\u1ea9n ngh\u00e8o \u0111a chi\u1ec1u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 95% ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o s\u1ed1ng \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n c\u01b0 n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, vi\u1ec7c suy gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o theo s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m thu nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch thu nh\u1eadp gi\u1eefa n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 m\u1edbi du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 quan t\u00e2m ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p trong c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh – t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng Vi\u1ec7t Nam 2011 \u2013 2020 \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao thu nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n; T\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1eebng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3; C\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1eb1m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ph\u00e2n ho\u00e1 gi\u00e0u ngh\u00e8o, gi\u1ea3m ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb; X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, v\u00f9ng s\u00e2u v\u00f9ng xa, v\u00f9ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.\u00a0 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau qu\u1ed1c gia gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o (Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft 30a c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7) \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0\u00a0<\/strong>ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, h\u1ed9 ngh\u00e8o, x\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, x\u00e3 ngh\u00e8o; Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00e1c x\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai (Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh 135) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2; C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 doanh nghi\u1ec7p xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u, doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 v\u1eeba; Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2010 theo Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 41\/2010\/N\u0110-CP, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 55\/2015\/N\u0110-CP, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u1ea1n m\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c vay, nh\u1eb1m kh\u01a1i th\u00f4ng d\u00f2ng v\u1ed1n t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, \u01b0u ti\u00ean v\u1ed1n vay cho c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i tham gia m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh li\u00ean k\u1ebft, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p; \u0110\u1ec1 \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thanh to\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam do Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ban h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai t\u1eeb 2006 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 3 (2016 \u2013 2020) v\u1edbi Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t s\u1ed1 2545 ng\u00e0y 30\/12\/2016 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh thanh to\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed; \u0110\u1ec1 \u00e1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh vi m\u00f4 t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2020; \u0110\u1ec1 \u00e1n N\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2020, n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ng\u00e2n ha\u0300ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u, c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c chi ph\u00ed h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn d\u00e2n c\u01b0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, v\u00f9ng s\u00e2u, v\u00f9ng xa, c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 v\u1eeba, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng an to\u00e0n, l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng\u2026<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1edbi v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 xa l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00f3i tr\u00ean ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 chung mang t\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, m\u00e0 m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1ed9 ng\u00e0nh tri\u1ec3n khai theo ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u00ean thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ban ng\u00e0nh li\u00ean quan theo m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, khi\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 g\u00f3p m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh cho r\u1eb1ng trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 do c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng cung c\u1ea5p th\u00ec nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n c\u01b0 n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, v\u00f9ng s\u00e2u, v\u00f9ng xa, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p si\u00eau nh\u1ecf, nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 v\u1eeba \u0111ang g\u1eb7p kh\u00f4ng \u00edt tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i. V\u00ec v\u1eady, theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u WB n\u0103m 2014, so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ee9c thu nh\u1eadp b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i TCTD \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n (31%), \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n (ch\u1ec9 27%). Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ea1nh tranh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u 2014-2015 c\u1ee7a Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (WEF), ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 3,9 (thang \u0111i\u1ec3m cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 7 v\u00e0 trung v\u1ecb l\u00e0 4,5), \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 104\/144 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh sau \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh, \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Khu v\u1ef1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00f4ng qua vai tr\u00f2 trung gian t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng.<\/em><\/strong> Khu v\u1ef1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1ng m\u1ebd nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean 200% GDP v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2014. \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng\/GDP s\u1ebd cho th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y: t\u1eeb 40% GDP n\u0103m 2000 t\u1edbi 110% GDP sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 – m\u1ed9t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c theo \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a WB.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng (k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n) chi\u1ebfm t\u1edbi 200% GDP v\u00e0 h\u01a1n 90% t\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1 t\u1eadp trung v\u1edbi 78% t\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n n\u1eb1m trong top 10 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng n\u0103m kh\u00e1 cao, kho\u1ea3ng 17 – 18% v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn trong n\u0103m 2017 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n l\u00ean t\u1edbi tr\u00ean 20%. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong t\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh[1]<\/a>, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n cho s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft n\u0103m 2016, c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 10 ngh\u00ecn chi nh\u00e1nh, ph\u00f2ng giao d\u1ecbch NHTM v\u00e0 1166 Qu\u1ef9 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n (QTDND). C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c NHTM, NHCSXH c\u00f3 700 ph\u00f2ng giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ea5p huy\u1ec7n, 11.074 \u0111i\u1ec3m giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ea5p x\u00e3 (tr\u00ean t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 11.165 x\u00e3). C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh vi m\u00f4 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi 136\/703 qu\u1eadn huy\u1ec7n th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n t\u1ea1i 34\/63 t\u1ec9nh th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung \u1ee9ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh th\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 cung \u1ee9ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u00e1n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, <\/em><\/strong>k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi vay t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m v\u00e0 cho vay kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. <\/strong>C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ch\u01a1i H\u1ecd, H\u1ee5i v\u1ed1n d\u0129 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 cung \u1ee9ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y cho c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n vay \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nhu c\u1ea7u ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c cho c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf, si\u00eau nh\u1ecf vay \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kinh doanh. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho vay c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung \u1ee9ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u00e1n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f2n bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung \u1ee9ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh vi m\u00f4 kh\u00e1c n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt C\u00e1c TCTD.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u00f9 \u0111ang l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh song v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u01a1 khai. <\/em><\/strong>V\u1ed1n ho\u00e1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 21% GDP n\u0103m 2012 v\u00e0 25% GDP n\u0103m 2014. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u1ed1n ho\u00e1 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n th\u1ea5p n\u1ebfu so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c trong khu v\u1ef1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Th\u00e1i Lan l\u00e0 106% GDP ho\u1eb7c Malaysia l\u00e0 136% GDP v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m. T\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00e1i phi\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh d\u1eebng \u1edf m\u1ee9c 6,8% v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 tr\u00e1i phi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 17% GDP n\u0103m 2014[2]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n

Khu v\u1ef1c h\u01b0u tr\u00ed v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 song c\u0169ng \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1 nhanh c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf.\u00a0 Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2014 t\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y chi\u1ebfm 4,2%GDP. Khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m nh\u00e2n th\u1ecd ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu do c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i n\u1eafm gi\u1eef, trong khi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng phi nh\u00e2n th\u1ecd t\u1eadp trung trong tay m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu c\u1ea7u<\/em><\/strong>. <\/strong>Trung t\u00e2m th\u00f4ng tin t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a NHNN \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ec1u n\u0103m qua, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng r\u00fat ng\u1eafn th\u1eddi gian quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5p v\u1ed1n vay cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty nh\u1ecf. T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u1ebb v\u00e0 ATM tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh, t\u1eeb 14.000 POS v\u00e0 2.000 ATM cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2006 l\u00ean m\u1ee9c tr\u00ean 263.000 POS\/EFTPOS\/EDC v\u00e0 tr\u00ean 17.000 ATM cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2016. Hi\u1ec7n \u0111a s\u1ed1 TCTD \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai internet banking, 34 TCTD \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai mobile banking.[3]<\/a> Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng t\u1eadp trung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thanh to\u00e1n b\u00e1n l\u1ebb Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111i sau nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng x\u00e9t ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thanh to\u00e1n li\u00ean ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng IBPS do Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e1 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u thanh to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t.<\/em><\/strong> Tuy r\u1eb1ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t trong t\u1ed5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n thanh to\u00e1n c\u00f2n v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 11 – 12% cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2014 – 2016, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n tr\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn thanh to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i giao d\u1ecbch chi\u1ebfm tr\u00ean 95% theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u Global Findex n\u0103m 2014. Thanh to\u00e1n c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 h\u1ecdc ph\u00ed ho\u1eb7c ph\u00ed d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng \u00edch ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t (96,5% h\u1ecdc ph\u00ed v\u00e0 97,9%\u00a0 ph\u00ed d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng. H\u01a1n ba ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t (78,2%). Trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, thanh to\u00e1n ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, t\u1edbi h\u01a1n 99% c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao d\u1ecbch b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, nhi\u1ec1u giao d\u1ecbch v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ccash \u2013 on \u2013 delivery\u201d \u2013 thanh to\u00e1n ti\u1ec1n khi giao h\u00e0ng; c\u00f3 t\u1edbi hai ph\u1ea7n ba chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1n n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1ec1 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1edd t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu\u00ea bao di \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 truy c\u1eadp internet r\u1ea5t cao.<\/em><\/strong> So s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 giao d\u1ecbch t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 ra c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c k\u00eanh ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i m\u1edbi, c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, qua nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

\u00a0M\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u01b0a ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. <\/em><\/strong>Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u1eabn c\u00f2n th\u1ea5p so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc trong khu v\u1ef1c. Theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u Findex c\u1ee7a WB n\u0103m 2014, 31% ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh[5]<\/a> v\u00e0 19% ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n m\u1edf t\u1ea1i ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, <\/strong>t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 21% v\u00e0 6% theo Findex n\u0103m 2011. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 8% n\u0103m 2011 \u0111\u1ebfn 16,2% n\u0103m 2014. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kho\u1ea3n vay t\u1eeb khu v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c (t\u1eeb 16,2% n\u0103m 2011 l\u00ean 18,4% n\u0103m 2014) v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebb ghi n\u1ee3 (t\u1eeb 15% n\u0103m 2011 \u0111\u1ebfn 27% n\u0103m 2014. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh vay t\u1eeb b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh duy tr\u00ec \u1edf m\u1ee9c 30%.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1edbn lao v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, gi\u1ea3m b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u00e0u ngh\u00e8o, gi\u00fap cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111em l\u1ea1i, th\u00f4ng qua ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, y t\u1ebf, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng \u0103n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Vi\u1ec7c ban h\u00e0nh Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0169ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 cam k\u1ebft m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp n\u1ec1n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3, c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1ed1t c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng s\u1ebd h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ef1c thi nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau Thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 \u0111\u00e3 cam k\u1ebft v\u1edbi Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1edbi. Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft s\u1ed1 63\/NQ-CP ng\u00e0y 22\/7\/2016 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i 5 n\u0103m 2016 \u2013 2020 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam (NHNN) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao l\u00e0m c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan li\u00ean quan, ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i chung v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng chung cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn\/m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t cho chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a World Bank \u2013 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc tham chi\u1ebfu khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh, v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u201ct\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed h\u1ee3p l\u00ed\u201d. <\/em>Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/strong> c\u1ee7a Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung \u1ee9ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cung \u1ee9ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng an to\u00e0n, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m\u201d <\/em><\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tr\u00ean nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 \u201cti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cs\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\u201d d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng 4 th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t:<\/p>\n